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Zanki Physiology and Pathology Quiz

Quiz generated from Zanki Physiology and Pathology

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Question 1

All steroid hormones are derivatives of which molecule?

Cholesterol
Tyrosine
cAMP
PIP2

Question 2

Amine hormones are derivatives of which amino acid?

Tyrosine
Tryptophan
Histidine
Arginine

Question 3

Which two classes of hormones are amine hormones?

Thyroid hormones and catecholamines
Steroid hormones and catecholamines
Peptide hormones and thyroid hormones
Catecholamines and prostaglandins

Question 4

Negative feedback in hormone secretion means a feature of hormone action directly or indirectly inhibits further secretion of the hormone.

True
False

Question 5

Down-regulation is a mechanism in which a hormone increases the number or affinity of its receptors in a target tissue.

True
False

Question 6

The alpha subunit of a G protein is active when bound to which nucleotide?

GTP
GDP
ATP
cAMP

Question 7

Which second messenger activates protein kinase A?

cAMP
DAG
IP3
Ca2+

Question 8

cAMP is degraded to 5'-AMP by ___.

Fill in the blank

Question 9

In the phospholipase C pathway, IP3 causes release of which ion from intracellular stores?

Ca2+
Na+
K+
Mg2+

Question 10

Which complex activates phospholipase C in the phospholipase C signaling pathway?

alpha-q-GTP
alpha-s-GTP
alpha-i-GTP
beta-gamma subunits

Question 11

If more hormone is required to produce 50% of the maximal response, the sensitivity of the target tissue has increased.

True
False

Question 12

In the adenylyl cyclase pathway, adenylyl cyclase catalyzes the conversion of ATP to ___.

Fill in the blank

Question 13

In the phospholipase C signaling pathway, which enzyme is activated by calcium ions and diacylglycerol (DAG)?

Protein kinase A
Protein kinase C
Protein kinase G
Protein kinase B

Question 14

Which hormone acts through a receptor guanylyl cyclase?

Insulin
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Glucagon
Epinephrine

Question 15

Binding of atrial natriuretic peptide to its receptor guanylyl cyclase causes conversion of GTP to ____.

Fill in the blank

Question 16

Which kinase is activated by cGMP produced by guanylyl cyclase?

Protein kinase A
Protein kinase C
Protein kinase G
Protein kinase B

Question 17

Nitric oxide activates a membrane-bound receptor guanylyl cyclase.

True
False

Question 18

Nitric oxide synthase cleaves the amino acid ____ into citrulline and nitric oxide.

Fill in the blank

Question 19

What are the products of the reaction catalyzed by nitric oxide synthase when it acts on arginine?

Citrulline and nitric oxide
Cysteine and nitric oxide
Ornithine and urea
Glutamate and ammonia

Question 20

After nitric oxide diffuses into muscle cells, it activates which enzyme and triggers what conversion?

Adenylate cyclase, converting ATP to cAMP
Guanylyl cyclase, converting GTP to cGMP
Phospholipase C, producing IP3 and DAG
Tyrosine kinase, phosphorylating tyrosines

Question 21

How does the site of guanylyl cyclase activation differ between atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and nitric oxide (NO)?

ANP activates cytosolic guanylyl cyclase, while NO activates receptor guanylyl cyclase
ANP activates receptor guanylyl cyclase, while NO activates cytosolic guanylyl cyclase
Both activate the same membrane-bound receptor
Both activate only cytosolic guanylyl cyclase

Question 22

Which amino acids are targets for phosphorylation by protein kinase A and protein kinase C?

Serine and threonine
Tyrosine and histidine
Serine and tyrosine
Threonine and cysteine

Question 23

cGMP synthesized by guanylyl cyclase activates protein kinase G, which phosphorylates specific proteins.

True
False

Question 24

Which of the following is a direct effect of nitric oxide in muscle cells?

Activation of protein kinase A
Activation of protein kinase G via cGMP
Inhibition of guanylyl cyclase
Conversion of arginine to citrulline

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