Quiz ๐ฉบ Medicine
Robbins Basic Pathology - Chapter by chapter Quiz
Quiz generated from Robbins Basic Pathology - Chapter by chapter
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Question 1
Which adaptive response is characterized by an increase in cell number?
- Hypertrophy
- Hyperplasia
- Atrophy
- Metaplasia
Question 2
What happens to the nucleus during necrosis?
- It fragments into nucleosomes
- It undergoes pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis
- It remains intact
- It is expelled from the cell
Question 3
Apoptosis typically induces an inflammatory response.
- True
- False
Question 4
The cellular adaptation in which one cell type is replaced by another is called ______.
Fill in the blank
Question 5
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of atrophy?
- Decreased protein synthesis
- Ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation
- Autophagy
- Increased protein synthesis
Question 6
What type of physiological hyperplasia occurs when residual tissue grows after partial removal of an organ?
- Hormonal hyperplasia
- Compensatory hyperplasia
- Pathologic hyperplasia
- Metaplasia
Question 7
Hypertrophy can occur in response to increased functional demand, such as in skeletal muscle and the heart.
- True
- False
Question 8
The enzyme that attaches ubiquitin to cellular proteins is called ______.
Fill in the blank
Question 9
In apoptosis, the cell membrane is typically:
- Disrupted
- Intact
- Thickened
- Lysed
Question 10
What is the term for oxygen deficiency due to any cause?
- Ischemia
- Hypoxia
- Anoxia
- Infarction
Question 11
Pathologic hyperplasia is most often caused by excessive hormones and/or growth factors.
- True
- False
Question 12
The two types of triggers that stimulate cardiac hypertrophy are mechanical and ______.
Fill in the blank
Question 13
Which statement best describes hypoxia?
- A deficiency of oxygen due to any cause
- A reduction in both oxygen and nutrients
- A lack of blood flow only
- An irreversible injury to mitochondria
Question 14
Why is ischemia considered more severe than hypoxia alone?
- It also reduces nutrient supply
- It causes only mitochondrial dysfunction
- It affects only myocardial cells
- It is not a type of hypoxia
Question 15
Which two phenomena are characteristic of irreversible cell injury?
- Inability to correct mitochondrial dysfunction and profound membrane disturbances
- Cellular swelling and fatty change
- Endoplasmic reticulum swelling and nuclear condensation
- Oxygen deficiency and nutrient deficiency
Question 16
Which two morphological features are associated with reversible cell injury in the liver?
- Cellular swelling and fatty change
- Mitochondrial dysfunction and membrane disturbances
- Necrosis and apoptosis
- Swollen ER and nuclear lysis
Question 17
Which organelle becomes swollen in hepatocytes with chronic barbiturate use?
- Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
- Mitochondrion
- Lysosome
- Nucleus
Question 18
Which timeline correctly describes ischemic changes in myocardial cells?
- Dysfunction after 1โ2 minutes; death after 20โ30 minutes; electron microscopy changes after 2โ3 hours; light microscopy changes after 6โ12 hours.
- Dysfunction after 20โ30 minutes; death after 2โ3 hours; electron microscopy changes after 6โ12 hours; light microscopy changes after 1โ2 minutes.
- Dysfunction after 2โ3 hours; death after 6โ12 hours; electron microscopy changes after 1โ2 minutes; light microscopy changes after 20โ30 minutes.
- Dysfunction after 6โ12 hours; death after 2โ3 hours; electron microscopy changes after 1โ2 minutes; light microscopy changes after 20โ30 minutes.
Question 19
During ischemia, myocardial cells die after about 20โ30 minutes.
- True
- False
Question 20
Ischemia is a type of hypoxia.
- True
- False
Question 21
In irreversible cell injury, inability to correct ___ dysfunction is a characteristic phenomenon.
Fill in the blank
Question 22
Reversible cell injury in the liver is characterized by cellular swelling and ___.
Fill in the blank
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