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Question 1
Which subdivision of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for 'fight or flight' responses?
- Sympathetic
- Parasympathetic
- Both subdivisions equally
- Neither subdivision
Question 2
Preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies are located in which spinal cord segments?
- T1 to L1/L2
- S2 to S4
- C1 to C8
- L3 to S1
Question 3
Within the thorax, parasympathetic preganglionic axons course through the ________ nerve to reach their targets.
Fill in the blank
Question 4
Postganglionic sympathetic fibers are generally unmyelinated, and one preganglionic neuron can synapse onto many postganglionic neurons, producing amplification.
- True
- False
Question 5
Which plane divides the body into left and right halves?
- Median plane
- Coronal plane
- Axial plane
- Oblique plane
Question 6
The midclavicular line descends from the middle of the clavicle and usually passes near which structure?
- Nipple
- Umbilicus
- Axilla
- Iliac crest
Question 7
The transcristal line passes through the highest points of the iliac crests at the L4 vertebral level.
- True
- False
Question 8
What does 'prone' mean?
- Lying face downward
- Lying face upward
- Standing upright
- Lying on the side
Question 9
Where are the sympathetic trunk ganglia located?
- On each side of the vertebral column, from base of skull to coccyx
- Inside the spinal cord
- Near the target organs
- In the brainstem
Question 10
Sympathetic preganglionic axons reach a sympathetic trunk ganglion through the ________ communicating ramus.
Fill in the blank
Question 11
Which subdivision of the autonomic nervous system innervates only viscera, not body walls?
- Parasympathetic
- Sympathetic
- Both
- Neither
Question 12
The axial plane is horizontal and perpendicular to both the sagittal and coronal planes.
- True
- False
Question 13
In anatomical terms, what does 'lateral' mean?
- Near the side of the body
- Near the midline
- Toward the back of the body
- Toward the head
Question 14
In gross anatomy, what does 'parietal' refer to?
- Related to the body wall
- Related to the body cavities and their organs
- Related to the limbs
- Related to the skin only
Question 15
'Visceral' (splanchnic) means related to what?
- The viscera or body cavities
- The body wall
- The axial skeleton
- The blood vessels only
Question 16
An anastomosis is best defined as a communication between which structures?
- Two similar vessels of the arterial, venous, or lymphatic systems
- A nerve and a muscle
- Bone and cartilage
- An artery and a tendon
Question 17
A viscus is the singular form of viscera.
- True
- False
Question 18
Which structures make up the axial skeleton?
- Skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum
- Clavicle, scapula, humerus
- Hip bones, femur, tibia
- Radius, ulna, carpals
Question 19
The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the upper limb and pectoral girdle, plus what else?
- The bones of the lower limb and pelvic girdle
- The skull and vertebral column
- The ribs and sternum
- The facial bones and auditory ossicles
Question 20
Compact bone is also called cortical bone.
- True
- False
Question 21
Cancellous bone, also called spongy or trabecular bone, is characterized by what?
- A three-dimensional network of thin bony partitions that resist force
- A dense, solid outer shell
- A soft, blood-forming tissue
- The complete absence of bone tissue
Question 22
Bone marrow fills spaces in which type of bone?
- Trabecular bone
- Compact bone
- Cortical bone
- Periosteum
Question 23
The singular form of 'viscera' is ______.
Fill in the blank
Question 24
What is a key circulatory function of an anastomosis?
- It creates alternative pathways for flow, called collateral circulation
- It prevents any reversal of blood flow
- It connects the axial and appendicular skeletons
- It separates the arterial and venous systems
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