Dr. Pestana's Surgery Notes Quiz - Gradiuz

Dr. Pestana's Surgery Notes Quiz

Quiz generated from Dr. Pestana's Surgery Notes

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Question 1

An expanding hematoma or subcutaneous emphysema in the neck after trauma is most concerning as a sign of what?

  • Carotid artery dissection
  • Impending loss of the airway
  • Cervical spine fracture
  • Laryngeal fracture
Question 2

An unconscious trauma patient with a GCS score of 8 or less needs a definitive airway.

  • True
  • False
Question 3

Which airway technique is specifically required when subcutaneous emphysema is present in the neck?

  • Orotracheal intubation with direct laryngoscopy
  • Fiberoptic nasotracheal bronchoscopy
  • Emergency cricothyroidotomy
  • Blind nasotracheal intubation
Question 4

Cricothyroidotomy is relatively contraindicated in children younger than ___ years.

Fill in the blank

Question 5

Which statement best compares pericardial tamponade and tension pneumothorax?

  • Both have low CVP, but only tamponade causes respiratory distress
  • Both have high CVP, but pericardial tamponade does not cause respiratory distress
  • Pericardial tamponade causes high CVP; tension pneumothorax causes low CVP
  • Pericardial tamponade causes low CVP; tension pneumothorax causes high CVP
Question 6

What is the initial fluid used for volume replacement in hemorrhagic shock?

  • 2 L of normal saline
  • 2 L of lactated Ringer's solution without dextrose
  • Fresh frozen plasma
  • Immediate packed red blood cells
Question 7

In cardiogenic shock, central venous pressure is low, so aggressive fluid resuscitation is indicated.

  • True
  • False
Question 8

Which clinical picture best fits vasomotor (distributive) shock?

  • Flushed, pink, and warm skin with high CVP
  • Pale, cold, and sweaty skin with high CVP
  • Flushed, pink, warm skin, circulatory collapse, and low CVP
  • Cyanotic extremities with normal CVP
Question 9

What is the first diagnostic test for a trauma patient with loss of consciousness?

  • Plain skull X-ray
  • Head CT
  • Carotid Doppler ultrasound
  • Lumbar puncture
Question 10

A closed linear skull fracture usually does not require surgery, but a comminuted or depressed fracture may require surgery.

  • True
  • False
Question 11

Which finding is NOT listed as a sign of basilar skull fracture?

  • Raccoon eyes
  • Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea
  • Cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea
  • Hemoptysis
Question 12

A head-trauma patient with loss of consciousness can be discharged home if the head CT is negative, there are no neurologic deficits, and a family member will frequently wake the patient over the next 24 hours to check for coma.

  • True
  • False
Question 13

A head-trauma patient becomes unconscious, then has a lucid interval, then becomes comatose. Which diagnosis is most likely?

  • Epidural hematoma
  • Subdural hematoma
  • Diffuse axonal injury
  • Cerebral contusion
Question 14

Epidural hematoma can cause an ipsilateral fixed and dilated pupil and contralateral hemiparesis.

  • True
  • False
Question 15

Which treatment should be done emergently for an epidural hematoma?

  • Emergent craniotomy
  • Observation with repeated CT scans
  • Lumbar puncture
  • Steroid therapy
Question 16

In a subdural hematoma, craniotomy is indicated when which finding is present?

  • Deviation of the midline structures
  • No deviation of midline structures
  • Decreased intracranial pressure
  • Gradual mental deterioration only
Question 17

If a subdural hematoma does not cause midline deviation, the usual approach is to lower intracranial pressure rather than perform craniotomy.

  • True
  • False
Question 18

Which of the following is a method used to decrease intracranial pressure?

  • Elevating the head
  • Lowering the head below body level
  • Hyperventilating to a PaCO2 above 45 mmHg
  • Giving large volumes of IV fluids
Question 19

CT showing diffuse blurring of the gray-white matter interface and multiple small punctate hemorrhages is most consistent with ______.

Fill in the blank

Question 20

In diffuse axonal injury, surgery is performed only if a hematoma is also present.

  • True
  • False
Question 21

What is the usual presentation of a subdural hematoma?

  • Elderly or severely alcoholic patient with gradual mental deterioration
  • Young athlete with sudden severe headache
  • Abrupt loss of consciousness after a lucid interval
  • Fever with nuchal rigidity
Question 22

Which measures may be used in treating a subdural hematoma?

  • Craniotomy for midline deviation, ICP monitoring/lowering, and sedation or hypothermia
  • Emergent craniotomy for all patients
  • Lumbar puncture and steroid therapy
  • Hyperventilation to a PaCO2 below 25 mmHg

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