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Question 1
Who established the first experimental psychological laboratory in 1879?
- Wilhelm Wundt
- William James
- Sigmund Freud
- John B. Watson
Question 2
Which school of psychology focused on the structural components of mental processes and used introspection?
- Structuralism
- Functionalism
- Behaviorism
- Gestalt psychology
Question 3
Which approach focuses on the unconscious mind, especially the influence of childhood experiences?
- Psychoanalysis
- Behaviorism
- The humanistic perspective
- The cognitive perspective
Question 4
Which school of psychology is known for the idea that the whole is not the same as the sum of its parts?
- Gestalt psychology
- Structuralism
- Functionalism
- Behaviorism
Question 5
An eclectic psychologist is one who:
- combines multiple psychological perspectives
- focuses only on observable behavior
- relies mainly on introspection
- studies the unconscious mind exclusively
Question 6
The evolutionary perspective examines mental processes and behaviors in terms of:
- their survival advantages, or natural selection
- their underlying biological processes
- unconscious childhood conflicts
- social interactions and culture
Question 7
The biopsychosocial perspective combines which influences?
- biological, psychological, and social-cultural
- biological, behavioral, and humanistic
- cognitive, evolutionary, and psychodynamic
- social, cultural, and structural
Question 8
The humanistic perspective emphasizes free will and:
- motivation by higher needs
- environmental causes of behavior
- unconscious conflicts
- structural components of mental processes
Question 9
Introspection was criticized for being highly subjective.
- True
- False
Question 10
Behaviorism focuses only on observable behavior and environmental causes of behavior.
- True
- False
Question 11
Wilhelm Wundt established the first experimental psychological laboratory in the year ___.
Fill in the blank
Question 12
The perspective that focuses on underlying mental processes that affect behavior is the ______ perspective.
Fill in the blank
Question 13
Because of the hindsight bias, what is the key goal of scientific research?
- To predict what will happen
- To explain events only after they occur
- To prove that common sense is always right
- To avoid making testable claims
Question 14
Applied research focuses on advancing fundamental knowledge.
- True
- False
Question 15
In research, a ______ expresses a proposed relationship between two variables.
Fill in the blank
Question 16
In an experiment, which variable is changed to observe its effect on another variable?
- Dependent variable
- Independent variable
- Control variable
- Confounding variable
Question 17
What is a scientific theory?
- A single untested guess about the world
- A statement that cannot be evaluated by the scientific method
- A summary of one research study's results
- A repeatedly tested and corroborated explanation of an aspect of the natural world
Question 18
______ definitions of variables define how they are measured.
Fill in the blank
Question 19
Research that measures what it is intended to measure is described as ______.
- valid
- reliable
- random
- subjective
Question 20
Variables are things that can vary among participants in research.
- True
- False
Question 21
Which type of research focuses on solving practical situations?
- Applied research
- Basic research
- Historical research
- Theoretical research
Question 22
Basic research focuses on the advancement of ______.
Fill in the blank
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